environment analysis of the BPO industry in india :: essays research papers

Introduction THE DEFINITION OF OFFSHORING AND OUTSOURCING There is no commonly accepted definition of â€Å"off shoring† in the public debate nor in the economic literature. However, the term â€Å"off shoring† is widely used as a particular subcategory of â€Å"outsourcing†. The latter has been defined as â€Å"the act of transferring some of a company’s recurring interval activities and decision rights to outside providers, as set in a contract†. The typical consequence of such a decision is a decline of employment in the plant/firm that is doing the â€Å"outsourcing† and a rise in employment in the plant/firm from which the supplies are sourced thereafter. The vagueness of the term is often related to the fact that it is not made clear if the change in sourcing of supplies refers to the plant level, the firm level or to the national level. The term â€Å"recurring interval activities† might include a given level of in-house supplies in a stagnant business environment, but the meaning is l ess clear in an expanding environment in which additional supplies from the outside do not necessarily result in an absolute reduction of employment but tend to limit its expansion. It is also useful to distinguish between a replacement of the supplies which takes place between plants of the same firm or from a non-affiliated firm (control-ownership), and whether the new sourcing is from plants in the home country or abroad (location). In certain cases, the sourcing decision goes hand-in-hand with new investment abroad, which leads some observers to focus the outsourcing debate on outright plant closures, with output being replaced by new greenfield investment abroad. Four types of â€Å"outsourcing† are reported, using location and control/ownership as distinguishing criteria: Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Captive onshore outsourcing implies a shift in intra-firm supplies to an affiliated firm in the home economy. Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If the shift in sourcing of supplies benefits a non-affiliated firm in the home economy, one can describe it as non-captive onshore outsourcing. The term â€Å"onshore† could be replaced in both cases by â€Å"local† or â€Å"domestic†. Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Captive offshoring describes a situation in which future supplies are sourced from an affiliated firm abroad. Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fourth variant of outsourcing may be labeled non-captive offshoring and refers to the case when the new supplier is a non-affiliated firm and located abroad. A major problem with the definitions above is that they do not concord easily with officially collected economic data. Outsourcing decisions are made at the micro level of plants or firms, while the official data are generally collected at the sectoral and national level.

Most important inventions Essay

One of the most prominent features of the present century is the progress of science and its effects on almost every aspect of social life. Nowadays, more and more new things invented to make our life more comfortable and convenient. It is difficult for us to point out which inventions changed human’s life the most, but in my opinion the three most remarkable inventions changed the world the most are the creations of electricity, aircraft and computer. Firstly, electricity actually becomes necessary in human beings’ life, it has contributed much in manufacturing, curing and operating machines. If the power of electricity had never been existed we wouldn’t have even a fraction of what we have in the world today. No electricity also means that there is no TV’s, no computers, no air conditioning†¦ Indeed, we cannot even imagine how we would live in absence of electricity in modern times. In addition, many diseases are treated by electric treatment today. Surgeons will not be able to carry on their instruments and machines without electricity. For example, X-ray machine which enables the doctor to take the photograph of the internal parts of the body can be operated only with its help. This is an industrial era. Many big and heavy machines are used to generate foods, goods, clothes†¦.Nonetheless, such machines works only with the help of electricity. In some progressive countries, like Japan, electric power is used in almost all the factories, a power cut in one day could lead to the deadlock. For this reason, electric power is really useful in production as well as the growth of industries. The second invention I believe that it has great impacts on our social life is the creation of computer. It would actually be difficult to say when the first computer was made but Charles Babbage was the first one to conceptualize it. He called it ‘The Analytical Engine’ though he never could build it. In fact, computer is the extremely important Invention because it helps us to display and save information; this invention is also applied in almost all fields. In olden times, storing information had many  disadvantages. You had to write information on the papers and then store them a certain place. As a matter of fact, the data could be lost after a long time due to old paper, wood-borer †¦. However, today it becomes easier and more convenient with computer. You just type the information you need, save it and it is done. You do not need many shelves to save data anymore. On the other hand, you can edit them as you like and you can save them as many files as you want. PC actually is utilized in almost all fields such as studying, working and entertaining. For instance, people can use computer for presentation, planning a project, playing videogames, watching TV and listening to music. The last but not least is the invention of aircraft. All of us cannot deny the creation of aircraft has changed the way of our traveling. The airplane is not only one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century, but also one of the most wonderful scientific creations of the human history at large. This mean of transport made it possible for people to work in places miles away. The existing of aircraft has turned long and exhausting journeys into a trip completed within hours. Also, the people from divergent parts of the world could travel from one region to the other quickly, thereby exchanging different aspects in social and cultural experiences. It is one of the crucial factors that help business expand to global market. Furthermore, children can attend school in distant countries. In the past, this was impossible. Hence, the children of today are better educated than those of the past. Thanks to the creation of aircraft, human beings became more dynamic, they are able to do business in foreign lands and visit various countries all over the world. Scientific inventions have made this world worth living. They help our life become more comfortable and convenient. And three of the inventions modifying deeply the way we live are the creations of electricity, computer and aircraft. We can sure that these changes will not stop there, these inventions have just built the foundation for the future scientists to create more and more inventions, and we cannot ima gine how our life would change in the next few years.

The s Argument Against Prostitution - 1483 Words

Prostitution is the exchange of money for sex which enables the client direct access to sexual satisfaction through physical contact. In this essay, I shall argue that we should be morally opposed to prostitution. I shall analyse Laurie Shrage’s argument against prostitution. I shall then consider Igor Primoratz’s objections to these arguments and examine his account for why we should not be opposed to prostitution. I shall then explain why Shrage’s argument survives these objections and we should therefore be morally opposed to prostitution. Shrage’s argument focuses on the view that prostitution oppresses all women and we should be morally opposed to it. Shrage’s argument concerns modern, contemporary prostitution. The central thesis to Shrage’s argument is the notion of cultural beliefs. Shrage defines cultural beliefs as what we as a society believe as a whole. Society interprets our actions and determine their moral status based on the majority’s beliefs. It does not matter if these beliefs are true or false because society will praise actions that they consider to be good and condemn those actions which they consider to be bad (Shrage, 1989, 351). Shrage argues that there are four cultural beliefs which cause prostitution to oppress women because it causes women to be labelled and asserts male social dominance. The first cultural belief she suggests is that society generally believe that human beings, particularly men, possess a strong sex drive. The second culturalShow MoreRelatedThe Pro s And Cons Of Prostitution1481 Words   |  6 PagesProstitution has always been a controversial topic not only in our country but all around the world. Although its been said to be the oldest profession, the social stigma that comes with it makes it taboo. Despite these disapproving views, the majority of individuals in prostitution turn to it in desperate need of money. This negative connotation that comes with prostitution is most likely derived from the thought that sex is an immoral act. Society in this country is slowly becoming more acceptingRead MoreShould Prostitution Laws Be Legal?1304 Words   |  6 PagesMost people morally oppose the profession of prostitution because they consider it to be a taboo. While others believe that it is their right and personal freedom to choose what to do with their life and body. Recently, the debate about how laws should address prostitution legally has become a subject of legislative action. Prostitution itself is not a criminal off ence under the Constitution, but there are certain laws under the Criminal Code that discourage it and makes it unlawful. For exampleRead MoreWhy Prostitution Is Wrong?1156 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Markets in Women s Sexual Labor† Debra Satz lays out an argument for an â€Å"egalitarian approach† to deciding why prostitution is wrong and whether or not that means it should be illegal (Satz, 1995). Satz accepts that prostitution is wrong from the start but she seeks a good explanation for why. She decides that prostitution is wrong because the practice of women selling their sexual services to men perpetuates gender inequality. If we accept that prostitution is wrong then we should look forRead MoreProstitution And The Act Of Prostitution1401 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"world’s oldest profession,† also known as prostitution, is considered a grey area in morality (Thiroux). Prostitution is defined as selling oneself or one’s talents for base purpose (Agnes). Contrary to popular belief, there are plenty of arguments for prostitution and the act of prostitution becoming legal. Coinciding with popular belief, there are more arguments against the act of prostitution being legalized. While some consider the act of prostitution to be an immoral act others will considerRead MoreThe Legal Acceptance Of Prostitution1608 Words   |  7 PagesThe Legal Acceptance of Prostitution Prostitution is often called the oldest profession in the world. One of the First forms is scared prostitution supposedly practiced among Sumerians. In ancient sources (Herodotus, Thucydides) there are many traces of scared prostitution, starting perhaps with Babylon where each women had to reach once a year the sanctuary of Militia and have sex with a foreigner as a sign of hospitality for a symbolic price. Prostitution is the sale of sexual services (typicallyRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1725 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution Should Be Legalized Some say prostitution is the world s oldest profession. Yet, only a small percentage of the world’s government allows it. The legalization of prostitution is a very controversial topic due to many people’s moral beliefs. Prostitutes all over the world are treated as outcasts. A reason for people to be against prostitution could be due to their religious beliefs, moral standpoints, or lack of knowledge over the subject. Many religions state that sex outside of marriageRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1413 Words   |  6 Pagesdare of doing such a thing. One of these unthinkable jobs is prostitution. It is said to be â€Å"one of the oldest professions, â€Å"yet it’s not viewed as that in our society. There s no box for it when you fill out what your career is. This may seem crazy to some. However, I think that prostitution should be legalized. Prostitution may not be the go-to occupation, but does this give the government the right to make it illegal? Making prostitution illegal has obviously failed, especially since we are seeingRead MoreWhy The Agent Is Fully Self Owning Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual s inherent right to sexual autonomy, they have the right to act how they want with their body. Libertarians hold the view that prostitution is an activity between two consenting adults, which should not be touched by the government or even an organized religion because they consider it to be a â€Å"victimless crime†. They also they believe that it should not be subject to regulation, even if the act does not involve love or even if it involves the exchange of money. Prostitution is done withRead MoreThe Canadian Justice System1714 Words   |  7 Pagesand its name is prostitution The 4th of November 2014 is a day that will be remembered as the most notorious day in the history of the Canadian Justice System. On November 4th 2014, the most controversial prostitution bill â€Å"Protection of Community and Endangered Persons Act†, also known as C-36 was passed in the Supreme Court of Canada. According to this law, the ‘sale of sex’ has to be regarded as a legal act. However, the law did not include several other aspects of the prostitution trade. The saleRead MoreWhat is Prostitution?1838 Words   |  7 Pages According to the 2014 Merriam-Webster dictionary, prostitution is defined as â€Å"the act of having sex in exchange for money† (â€Å"Prostitution†). In the United States, the trafficking of sex sales has been illegal since the early 1900’s, with the exception of the 49th state, Alaska (Head). The trade was deemed unethical by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, also credited with the ban of drug use and the elimination of alcohol in the 1920’s. Today, in all but two states, the buying and selling of